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On This Day ... in 1066 & Others

Following his destruction at Stamford Bridge of the Norwegian invasion (25 September), King Harold of England rushed back south to deal with the second threat, from the Norwegians' cousins the Normans, under Duke William the Bastard, who had landed at Pevensey near Hastings on 28 September.

William had perhaps 8,000 Norman, Breton, French and Flemish soldiers, including 3,000 knights. Harold brought his surviving army from York, and summoned reinforcements, giving him a similarly sized force.

The battle was fought at Senlac Hill. William's initial attack failed, and the Bretons on the left broke and routed. However, some of the fyrd, the English local militia, broke ranks and chased after them; a Norman counter-attack cut them to pieces. William maintained a relentless series of attacks, and the battle became one of attrition.

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Finally, after perhaps seven or more hours combat, the knights broke through the English ranks, Harold fell, and the English broke. William was crowned King of England on Christmas Day 1066.

1318: Sir John de Bermingham's English army attacked Edward Bruce's Scots army at Faughart, north of Dundalk, at the culmination of the campaign initiated by Lord Roger Mortimer to recover control of Ireland. The English charge broke through the Scots-Irish ranks, the Kings of the Hebrides and Argyle both falling in battle. Edward Bruce, self-proclaimed King of Ireland, was found dead beneath the body of the English warrior John de Maupas - they had apparently killed each other.

1322: Scots raiders defeated English troops under the Earl of Richmond at Byland in Yorkshire. They then sacked the Abbeys at Byland and Rievaulx, narrowly failing to capture King Edward II and Queen Isabella who were resting at the latter House.

1858: In India, Lieutenant Jarrett, 26th Bengal Native Infantry, led four men in an attack on a building held by over sixty mutineers. He successfully broke in, and reinforced by additional troops, secured victory. He received the Victoria Cross.

1899: Near Mafeking, Captain FitzClarence, Royal Fusiliers, led the rescue of a train which had been ambushed by Boers. Despite a marked inferiority in numbers, FitzClarence's men turned the tables on the enemy and drove them off. He received the Victoria Cross.

1915: At the Hohenzollern Redoubt on the Western Front, Captain Vickers, Sherwood Foresters, defended a block in a trench against repeated German attacks, backed up by only two men who kept him supplied with grenades. His efforts allowed a second, more secure, block to be constructed behind him. Badly wounded, he only fell back once the new defences were complete. He received the Victoria Cross.

1918: Five Victoria Crosses were won on the Western Front:

Second Lieutenant Johnson, Northumberland Fusiliers
Second Lieutenant O'Neill, Prince of Wales' Leinster Regiment
Corporal McPhie, Royal Engineers (posthumous)
Private Moffat, Prince of Wales' Leinster Regiment
Private Ricketts, Royal Newfoundland Regiment

1927: HMAS Adelaide arrived at the British Solomon Islands Protectorate as part of a British punitive expedition. The Royal Australian Navy operated as part of a British force in one of the first instances in which Australian forces intervened in regional affairs.

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In October 1927 a request from the High Commissioner for the Western Pacific to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, for warships' protection in the Solomon Islands, as a consequence of a murder by natives of a District Officer, a cadet, and fifteen native police at Sinarango (Port Diamond), Malaita, resulted in Adelaide being hastily despatched from Sydney.

The ship, under the command of Captain G.C. Harrison RN, left Sydney for Tulagi on 10 October 1927, arriving on 14 October, and immediately sent ashore a landing party consisting of one officer and sixteen ratings, for local protection. With the Resident Commissioner on board, Adelaide then visited Sio Harbour and Port Diamond, where she remained from 16 October until 16 November. On the morning of 17 October three platoons were landed at Sinarango and established three base camps from which locally enrolled troops and police operated in their search for the natives responsible for the massacre. Adelaide departed the Solomons area on 18 November and arrived in Sydney on 23 November.

1939: The battleship HMS Royal Oak was sunk at anchor in Scapa Flow by an audacious U-boat attack that penetrated the defences of the anchorage.

1940: Daylight activity by the Luftwaffe was sporadic, but London suffered badly during the night, with Coventry and Birmingham also targeted.

1944: British and Greek troops liberated Athens.

Comments

And also on this day in 1944 my father flew two 1000 bomber missions in one day.

Poor King Harold - he just couldn't quite get a break.

Imagine 7 hours of hand to hand.

Stamford Bridge? Man, the game of football was a little different to today's version.

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