On This Day ... in 1814 & Others
Whilst British troops under Lieutenant-General Hope beseiged Bayonne, Wellington led his main force against the main French field forces in the south of France, commanded by Marshal Soult. Wellington launched his attack with 44,000 men against Soult's 36,000 men drawn up on a ridgeline at Orthes.
Sir Rowland Hill led the right wing in a diversionary attack, whilst Sir William Beresford and Sir Thomas Picton led the main assaults on the left and in the centre. After initial successes, both Beresford and Picton's attacks stalled, but Wellington spotted an opening in the disjointed French lines, and himself led three battalions to exploit the weakness.
The French defeat was completed by Hill, who had managed to get behind Soult and force him to run for a bridge before his escape route was totally cut. Wellington's victory secured the British presence on French soil, and opened up routes to Bordeaux, which promptly surrendered, and Toulouse.
1881: During an action with Boers, Lance Corporal Farmer, a medical orderly, stood exposed to enemy fire, holding a white flag over a group of wounded men, in an effort to spare them further attack. The Boers kept up their fire, and Farmer was badly wounded in the arm holding in the flag. However, he rose again to his feet, and continued to hold high the flag with his other arm, until he was shot in that limb as well. His efforts to protect the men, at great personal risk, was recognised with the award of the Victoria Cross.
1900: Nineteen years later, during the Boer War, troops from the West Yorkshire Regiment attacked up the northern slope of Terrace Hill, near Tugela in Natal. Their advance was met with a barrage of fire, and faltered. Captain Mansel-Jones braved the enemy fire to remuster his men, and, despite suffering a very serious wound, led them once more up the hill in a charge which took the Boer position. He received the Victoria Cross.
1942: As the Japanese advance rapidly spread throughout the Dutch East Indies, the Dutch Rear-Admiral Karel Doorman led out a force of Dutch, British, Australian and US cruisers and destroyers in a desperate effort to locate an invasion convoy en route to Java. The Japanese fleet enjoyed superior firepower, and, crucially, the benefit of spotting aircraft. The largest surface action since the battle of Jutland commenced at 1600, and the Japanese advantage in numbers of heavy guns, plus their incomparable torpedoes, soon showed, with Doorman's flagship De Ruyter and HMS Exeter suffering damage, and the destroyer Kortenaer sunk. Commander May in the destroyer HMS Electra mounted a gallant but suicidal attack which succeeded in saving HMS Exeter. As night fell, HMS Jupiter blew up on hitting a stray mine, and the Japanese crowned their victory with a night torpedo attack that claimed the Dutch cruisers De Ruyter and Java. Doorman was lost with his flagship.
Meanwhile in France, the newly formed Parachute Regiment mounted a daring raid on a German radar station on the cliff tops at Bruneval, near Le Havre. Intelligence had identified the location as one of an increasing number of radar sites in Occupied Europe, but important technical details of the equipment's capabilities were needed to develop counter-measures, especially for Bomber Command aircraft. Major John Frost, commanding C Company of the 2nd Battalion, The Parachute Regiment, was tasked with capturing the station and bringing back to the UK key parts of the Wurzburg radar set. His 120 men were accompanied by an RAF Flight Sergeant radar technician, who had never parachuted before, to inspect the radar in situ, and a team of Royal Engineers. Frost named his three assault groups Drake, Rodney and Nelson, in recognition of the force's dependence on the Royal Navy to retrieve them from the beaches that night.
Twelve RAF Whitley bombers from 51 Squadron RAF dropped Frost's men accurately on the cliff tops. Although caught totally by surprise, German troops in the area fought back. However, the Wurzburg was captured, along with one of its operators, and Flight Sergeant Cox identified the essential parts of the radar to be carried down to the waiting landing craft. The raid provided invaluable intelligence on the Wurzburg system, a specialised precision radar system for controlling anti-aircraft guns, searchlights and night-fighters.
To this day, one of the sub-units of the 2nd Battalion, The Parachute Regiment, is named Bruneval Company.
Comments
1942: As the Japanese advance rapidly spread throughout the Dutch East Indies, the Dutch Rear-Admiral Karel Doorman led out a force of Dutch, British, Australian and US cruisers and destroyers in a desperate effort to locate an invasion convoy en route to Java
One of the great unsung sagas of the war. The early battles of out gunned and outnumbered naval units that literally fought to the last ship over the course of several weeks. A few destroyers escaped to Australia, but the last of the capital ships, Perth and Houston, went down fighting to the end...acting as wolves among Japanese landing transports until they were brought down.
Posted by: trainer | February 27, 2007 5:28 PM
Mitsubishi has decided to close its car-making plant in Adelaide (South Australia). Maybe now it is timely (at least as far as Aust. is concerned) to recall that Mitsubishi made the Zero fighter: superior to our craft, but helped the butchers of Tokyo advance their wretched cause.
Posted by: Thomas the Tout | February 27, 2008 10:57 PM
Rowland Hill was the only one of his generals that Weelington would trust with in dependent operations - often combing his 1st (British) Division with the 1st Portugese to create a defacto corps. He was famous for the way he took care of his troops' welfare, leading to the nickname "Daddy" (anyone who has ever served in the military knows what this reveals in terms of the troops' thoughts). Beresford was seconded from the British Army as CINC of the Portugese with the rank of Marshall. After Napoleon crushed Portugal, its army was rebuilt on British lines with Britsh "advisors" at every level (If a regimental commander was Portugese, his deputy was British, and so on down to non-commissioned ranks). This was so successful that Wellington called the Portugese "The Fighting Cocks of the Army" and tried to get these veteran units assigned to his army in Belgium in 1815.
One thing not mentioned about the battle of the Java Sea was that the IJN vessels had been operating together in cruiser divisions and destroyer squadrons for years while the Allied force was a hastily patched together melange of four different nationalities that had never operated together until dispatched on this mission.
The two IJN heavy cruisers outgunned the Allies twenty 8 inch guns to twelve(the USS Houston's after turret had been put out of action (earlier) and while HMAS Perth was more modern and better than and the two RNN light cruisers equal to their Japanese counterparts, the 14 IJN destroyers not only outnumbered the Allies but each ship was a modern vessel mounting six 5 inch guns vesus one with six 4.7 inch, four with four 4.7's and four US "Flush Deckers" of 1918 vintage with a broadside of only three 4 inch guns.
Col Beaausaber
Posted by: Beausaber | February 27, 2010 4:03 PM