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On This Day ... in 1620 & Others

Forty-one Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower, anchored off Massachusetts, signed a compact calling for a “body politick”. The Mayflower Compact, which in everyday American history is commonly put out as the forerunner of the Declaration of Independence and Constitution, and indeed it did have similar features.

Mayflower%20Compact.jpg

Its text reads

In the Name of God, Amen. We whose names are underwritten, the loyal subjects of our dread sovereign Lord, King James, by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith, etc.

Having undertaken, for the glory of God, and advancement of the Christian faith and honor of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia, do by these presents solemnly and mutually in the presence of God, and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic, for our better ordering and preservation and furtherance of the ends aforesaid; and by virtue hereof to enact, constitute and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions and offices, from time to time as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the Colony: unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. In witness whereof we have hereunder subscribed our names at Cape Cod the 11 of November, in the year of the reign of our sovereign Lord, King James of England, France and Ireland the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth Ano. Dom. 1620.

It was not quite the intentionally noble document usually attributed; it was in fact an ad hoc agreement stressfully pounded out at the last minute to alay increasingly harsh conflicting concerns that had almost caused mutiny among passengers.

1775: Guy Carleton, Lord Dorchester evacuated Montreal for Quebec as the American invaders landed at Île St-Paul, then the following day at Pointe St-Charles, capturing the city on the 13th

1813: Colonel Joseph Morrison and Royal Navy Captain William Mulcaster defeated an American invasion force of over 7,000 led by General James Wilkinson at the Battle of Crysler's Farm.

Wilkinson's flotilla left Sackett's Harbor in late October and landed on the Canadian side of the Long Sault rapids. With only 800 British regulars of the 49th and 89th Regiments, plus some Canadian militia and Indians, Morrison moved to attack 1,800 Americans of the 25th Infantry Regiment under Brown at Crysler's Farm 20 miles west of Cornwall; at the same time, Captain William Mulcaster's gunboats fired shrapnel and grapeshot on General John Park Boyd's flotilla of 4,000 American troops trying to descend the rapids toward Montreal, which helped Morrison land his troops at Crysler's Farm.

In the first skirmish, the Americans took 400 casualties to the British 200. Wilkinson could have pressed on against Morrison, but gots a message that General Wade Hampton and his army of 4,200 had been defeated at Châteauguay Oct. 26. He called off the invasion, since Hampton was supposed to meet him downstream for the attack on Montreal. Hampton later resigned when Wilkinson blamed him for the failure of the campaign; Wilkinson was then relieved of his command

1914: Captain Brodie of the Highland Light Infantry led a bayonet counter-attack after the Germans succeeded in capturing a British trench near Becelaere in Belgium. The charge killed 80 Germans and captured fifty. Brodie received the Victoria Cross.

1922: During the Munich Putsch, General Ludendorff and an Austrian former corporal named Adolph Hitler were arrested after a short parade proclaiming the overthrow of the government. Hitler was sent to Landsburg prison where he wrote Mein Kampf, a vicious harangue against democracy, communism, the Versailles "diktat" and of course, the Jews as the root of all evil. The book became the "Bible" of the Nazis, and was published in almost every major country. 3 years later Hitler become leader of the Nazi Party

1940: 21 Fleet Air Arm Swordfish biplanes from HMS Illustrious conducted an audacious night attack (Operation Judgement ) on the Italian battle fleet in Taranto harbour with torpedoes and bombs. Three Italian battleships received serious damage, sinking at their moorings. Despite formidable anti-aircraft defences, only two Swordfish were lost.

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1942: The Royal Indian Navy minesweeper Bengal, armed with a single small 12 pounder gun, and the Dutch tanker Ondina, armed with a single 4" gun, won a remarkable victory over two heavily armed Japanese raiders, each carrying six 6" guns, torpedoes and aircraft. The raiders attacked the Allied ships in the Indian Ocean, but Bengal charged at them, setting one of the raiders on fire - she subsequently sank. Ondina was heavily shelled and hit by two torpedoes, but drove the other raider off. Although Ondina's crew then abandoned her, they later re-embarked, put out the fires and brought her into Fremantle.

Elsewhere, Admiral Halsey ordered Admiral Kincaid to get carrier USS Enterprise underway and to "be prepared to strike enemy targets in Cactus [Guadalcanal] area"

1966: NASA launched the Gemini 12 mission. The mission lasted 3 days, 22 hours and 34 minutes and included 59 orbits of the earth at an altitude of 162.7 nautical miles.

Comments

All hail the "Stringbag"

I'm surprised, Mr FM that a historically knowledgeable amn such as yourself, didn't list the Armistice of 1918 in this post.

Well, not to put too fine a point, where I am, it's Nov 10, granted only for another 40 minutes or so, but that makes it the Birthday of the United States Marines. Many, many, many years of proud traditon, totally unconnected to prograss.
Semper Fi

Dan, you may well have seen by now, there are separate posts for both Armistice Day in 1918 & for Rememberance Sunday. Rather than wrap the '1918' entry into the daily post it needs to be a stand alone post. I am sure that you understand why.

Regards

Of course, I should have know that you'd pull out all the stops. Semper Fi.

Thank you. I loved the story as a child. It was with real delight I discovered years later I have a Maflower passenger in my ancestry.

Really? France? 1620? I think the ghost of Louis XIII, or M. de Richelieu might have a minor dispute over that list of titles of James VI/I. Or was that list kept that way to tweak the noses of the House of Bourbon? I've been reading all of Alexandre Dumas' works on my new Kindle ebook reader, supplementing the fiction with research on the Internet. So, just how large a piece of France was James actually the king of? Were the various kings Louis also kings of England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales likewise, to tweak the noses of the House of Stuart?

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