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On This Day ... in 1810 & Others

Facing strong French forces, Wellington retired behind the Lines of Torres Vedras, an impregnable line of fortifications protecting Portugal, built by Royal Engineers and thousands of Portuguese peasants.

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Safe behind the Lines, Wellington's Anglo-Portuguese army gathered its strength over the winter, whilst Massena's French army suffered, encamped in hostile territory and with difficult lines of supply.

1857: In India, Private Freeman, 9th (Queens Royal) Lancers, rescued an officer wounded during an action with mutineers. He received the Victoria Cross.

1917: Australian divisions continued their attack on Poelcappelle. Launched in heavy rain, it cost 1,250 casualties for no gain of ground .

The battle of Poelcappelle was the fourth of a series of “bite and hold” battles launched by General Herbert Plumer during the third battle of Ypres. The first three such battles (Menin Road Ridge, Polygon Ridge and Broodseinde) had each achieved their objectives, biting chunks out of the German line and then defending those gains against any counterattacks. Each of the attacks had been supported by a well directed artillery bombardment that had isolated the part of the German front line as well as by a creeping barrage that had protected the advancing soldiers. They had also taken place during a patch of dry weather.

On 7 October the rains returned. An inch of rain fell over two days, onto already saturated ground, and in an area where constant fighting had destroyed the field drains. The resulting mud affected every aspect of the battle. Movement became difficult. The artillery bombardment, crucial for the success of the battle, was affected in two main ways. First off all the guns themselves required stable gun platforms, or their accuracy would be lost. The wet ground around Ypres no longer provided the required stability. Second, many shells simply disappeared into the mud, and either failed to explode or had much of the force of their explosion absorbed by the mud. Much of the German wire survived the British bombardment.

The attack at Poelcappelle failed to achieve its objectives. Some units did manage to advance a short distance, although in several cases were then forced to pull back later in the day. The Guards Division, attacking west of Poelcappelle, advanced furthest. The attack at Poelcappelle was followed by the two battles of Passchendaele (12 October and 26 October-10 November), which would become notorious and often give their name to the entire offensive.

1940: Southern England suffered four significant air attacks.

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The battleship HMS Revenge, escorted by seven destroyers and a Motor Torpedo Boat flotilla, and covered by a cruiser and destroyer force, conducted a night bombardment of German shipping mustered in Cherbourg.

1944: British troops liberated Corinth.

Comments

Speaking of liberating things, last Saturday was the 435th anniversary of the battle of Lepanto.
Vivat Hispania!
Gloria Dominie!
Don Juan of Austria
Has set his people free.

Wellington knew a thing or two about picking his battles.

Ever read "Death to the french"? C.S. Forester if I recall rightly. one of the good napolienic era writers anyhow.

I hope you read the "Sharpe's Rifles" series. One of the latest, or at least within the last few years, covers this. Fascinating....BTW, where do you get such great maps?

Read Napier's peninsula war histories ....a good way to pass winter nights.

Or 'Seven men of Gascony' by Dangerfield. Follows a file in Napoleon's army. Deals with Portugal & Moscow. Good read.

I've read Rifleman Dodd and Sharpe's Rifles and found the latter to be the more entertaining of the two.

I thought "Portuguese peasants" was redundant...

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