The first British colony in Australia was formally founded, Royal Marines hoisting the Union Flag at Sydney Cove. HM Ships Sirius and Supply led the thirteen ship "First Fleet", which had sailed from the Solent in May 1787, carrying several hundred convicts, North America no longer being available for the transportation of criminals following the Revolution. The colony of New South Wales totalled 568 male and 191 female convicts with 13 children, guarded by 206 marines with 26 wives and 13 children. Twenty officials administered the colony.

The new colony was formally proclaimed as the Colony of New South Wales on 7 February.